SOAR (Spring, 2005)

WEEK 2
The 18th Century
The Women Rulers and Their Heirs

ASSIGNMENT 2:

Read a little bit on each of the Tsars and Tsarinas of the 18th and 19th centuries

• *The Russian Monarchy. A picture and brief text on each. From the State Museum at Tsarskoe selo. [Scroll down to pictures and texts]

• *The "Grand City" of Catherine the Great. A brief history page from Saint-Petersburg.com. Includes the topics: Catherine the Great and her country; Catherine starts the Hermitage collection; Transformation of the city; Where did Catherine live?; Catherine's reforms.

Listen to some of these suggested multi-media lectures from the series A History of Russia by Professor Michael Petrovich (recorded in 1987 before the Soviet Union dissolved), published on the web site of the Center for Russia, Eastern Europe and Central Asia at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (N.B.: You will need Realplayer 5.0 to listen and view the lectures):

• 18th Century Russia (10:20 min.)
  
• Catherine the Great (9:37 min.)
  
• Nobles and Serfs in Russia (14:10 min.)
• Paul I (12:04 min.)
  

SUPPLEMENTARY LINKS:

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18th Century Russia
From Catherine I (Peter's Second Wife) to Elizabeth (Peter's Daughter)
Catherine II (Catherine the Great) and Her Men
Art and Architecture of the 18th Century

The 18th Century

• *18th Century Russia (10:20 min.). Audio lecture by Professor Michael Petrovich.
  Early Imperial Russia. From countrystudies.us/russia. Read the sections on "The Era of Palace Revolutions" and "Imperial Expansion and Maturation: Catherine II."
  

From Catherine I (Peter's Second Wife) to Elizabeth (Peter's Daughter)

• Catherine I
  *Catherine I (Ekaterina Alexeevna). (Empress 1725-1727). A page from "Treasures of the Czars" from St. Petersburg Times [Florida].
  Coins and Medals of Imperial Russia - Catherine I. Coins dedicated to Catherine I. Collection of Coins and Medals Yale University Art Gallery.
  Catherine I, Empress of Russia. Robert Nisbet Bain, Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. 1910 Vol. 5 pgs. 525-526
  Catherine I of Russia. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
  Great Russian Women: Catherine I. Brief notes from Microsoft Encarta.
  After Peter the Great: Struggles for the Throne Portrait of Catherine I. by Ivan Nikitin. Posted on the Olga's Gallery site.
  Russian Rulers. Wax image of Peter the Great and Catherine. Display in the museum in Simbirsk, Russia.

• Peter II
  *Peter II (Peter Alexeevich). (Emperor 1727-1730). A page from "Treasures of the Czars" from St. Petersburg Times [Florida].
  Coins and Medals of Imperial Russia - Peter II. Coins dedicated to Peter II. Collection of Coins and Medals Yale University Art Gallery.

• Anna
  *The "Conditions" of Anna Ivanovna's Accession to the Throne, 1730. Translation by Daniel Field. From the Documents in Russian History site.
  *Anna Ivanovna. (Empress 1730-1740). A page from "Treasures of the Czars" from St. Petersburg Times [Florida].
  Coins and Medals of Imperial Russia - Anna. Coins dedicated to Anna. Collection of Coins and Medals Yale University Art Gallery.

• Ivan VI
  *Ivan VI (Ivan Antonovich). (Emperor 1740-1741). A page from "Treasures of the Czars" from St. Petersburg Times [Florida].
  Coins and Medals of Imperial Russia - Ivan VI. Coins dedicated to Ivan VI. Collection of Coins and Medals Yale University Art Gallery.

• Elizabeth
  *Elizaveta Petrovna. (Empress 1741-1761). A page from "Treasures of the Czars" from St. Petersburg Times [Florida].
  *Elizabethan St. Petersburg: a city of Baroque Grandeur. Another page from Saint-Petersburg.com.
  Coins and Medals of Imperial Russia - Elizabeth. Coins dedicated to Elizabeth. Collection of Coins and Medals Yale University Art Gallery.

Catherine II (Catherine the Great) and Her Men

• Peter III (Catherine the Great's husband)
  *Peter III (Peter Feodorovich). (Emperor 1761-1762). A page from "Treasures of the Czars" from St. Petersburg Times [Florida].
  Peter III's Manifesto Freeing Nobles from Obligatory Service: 1762 . From the Documents in Russian History site.
  Coins and Medals of Imperial Russia - Peter III. Coins dedicated to Peter III. Collection of Coins and Medals Yale University Art Gallery.

• The Reign of Catherine the Great: Primary Sources
  *Catherine the Great (9:37 min.). Recorded multi-media lecture by Professor Michael Petrovich.
  Manifesto of the Empress Catherine II. Issued July 22, 1763, (Concerns the settlement of foreigners.)
  "Catherine the Great, Instruction ('Nakaz') to the Legislative Commission of 1767. The Instructions to the Commissioners for Composing a New Code of Laws. Page presented by Rebecca Spang & Ralph Kingston, University College London.
  Catherine the Great. Various short excerpts from Catherine II's reign. From the Modern History Sourcebook site.
  Alexander Radishchev, Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow. 1790. Translated by Nathaniel Knight. From Documents in Russian History: an Online Sourcebook, prepared by Seton Hall University Russian and East European Studies Program.
  *The Pugachev Rebellion, 1773-1774. Pugachev's first ukaz, September, 1773. From Documents in Russian History: an Online Sourcebook

• Catherine the Great
  *The "Grand City" of Catherine the Great. A brief history page from Saint-Petersburg.com. Includes the topics: Catherine the Great and her country; Catherine starts the Hermitage collection; Transformation of the city; Where did Catherine live?; Catherine's reforms.
  *Empress Catherine II "the Great". Page from Bob Atchison's site: "Alexander Palace."
  *Empress Catherine "The Great". More information from Bob Athison's site on Tsarskoe Selo.
  *The Princess Who Became Catherine the Great. Text plus pictures laying out Catherine's life and reign (written by Ursula Grosser Dixon, a "novice historian"). [Follow all the links to get the full story.]
  Catherine II. Links to bibliographic material (Malaspina University College) on Catherine.
  Catherine and Pugachev. Lecture from Professor Gerhard Rempel, Western New England College.
  Catherine the Great (Ekaterina Alexeevna). A page from "Treasures of the Czars" from the St. Petersburg Times [Florida]. A few words of introduction plus a picture.
  Catherine the Great: Frequently Asked Questions. From Ursula's History Web.
  
  • How did Catherine the Great die?
    
  • What became of Catherine's third son, Alexsei?
    
  • How many lovers did Catherine the Great have?
  The "Grand City" of Catherine the Great. From Saint-Petersburg.com.
  

• Portraits/Statues of Catherine the Great
  *Introduction to the 18th Century Art. Text and pictures presented by Alexander Boguslawski. Particularly interesting is the section comparing (Antropov, Levitskii and Rokotov) portraits of Catherine the Great.
  Statue of Catherine the Great. B/W photo from 1903. From the "Fresh Guide to St. Petersburg."
  Statue of Catherine the Great [surrounded by syncopants]. Posted by Jacob Wolf Gibney Haller (JWGH).
  Vladimir Borovikovsky. Portrait of Catherine II, Empress of Russia. 1794. By Vladimir Borovikovsky. Posted on Olga's Gallery.
  Temple of Catherine the Great. Portraits and a short biography. From Maitreya Sangha's site.
  Painting. Catherine the Great, her husband Peter and son Paul. From the site "Nothing But Russia."
  Catherine the Great. From the picture archive at the National Library of Russia. Art work by G. Skorodumov.
  Catherine the Great. Picture from the Site: "In the Beginning Was the Word: The Russian Church and Native Alaskan Cultures."
  Coins and Medals of Imperial Russia - Catherine II. Coins dedicated to Catherine II. Collection of Coins and Medals Yale University Art Gallery.

• Paul (Catherine the Great's son)
  *Paul I (12:04 min.). Recorded multi-media lecture by Professor Michael Petrovich.
  Paul I (Pavel Petrovich). A page from "Treasures of the Tsars" St. Petersburg, Florida.
  Paul I. A page from Bob Atchison's site "Alexander Palace."
  Coins and Medals of Imperial Russia - Paul. Coins dedicated to Paul. Collection of Coins and Medals Yale University Art Gallery.

Art and Architecture of the 18th Century

• Early 18th Century Art
  Russian Culture: Reign of Anna Ionnovna and Elizabeth Petrovna: 18th Century. From the Hermitage Museum site.

• Catherine the Great: art collector
  Russian Culture: Era of Catherine the Great: 18th Century. From the Hermitage Museum site.

• Imperial Art (jewels; decor, etc.)
  *The Treasures of Russia. Narrated visual tours of Peterhof: Palaces of the Tsars. Real Networks plug-in will allow you hear the narration for each exhibit; to experience the interactive panoramas, you need QuickTime. Tour the Romanov Gallery, Monplaisir, Assembly Hall, Drawing Room, Fountains, Grand Staircase, Dining with the Tsars, etc.
  *Jewels of the Romanovs. Highlights of the Exhibit: "Treasures of the Tsars," "Costumes and Portraits," "Church Treasures."
  A La Vieille Russie. An Introduction to the decorative arts of Russia (jewelry; works of art; Faberge). Site sponsored by A La Vieille Russie.

• Decorative Arts (porcelain, furniture, laquer boxes...)
  *Hillwood Museum and Gardens. Largest art collection of imperial Russian decorative art pieces outside of Russia (Hillwood is one of America's premier estate museums)
  *Russian Samovar. A page on this Russian style "tea urn" (from the "Moscow Guide").
  *Palekh. Palekh folk art. (From the "Little Russia" site.)
  Russian Laquer Boxes. "Art Links" by Cindy Patten and Melissa James.
  Gzhel. A page on folk pottery (from the "Moscow Guide").
  Shawls of Pavlovo. A page on these beautiful shawls (from the "Moscow Guide").
  Zhostovo. A page on the beautiful trays turned out in the town of Zhostovo (from the "Moscow Guide").

• Winter Palace / The Hermitage
  *Winter Palace. 360 panorama view of the Winter Palace from Saint-Petersburg.com.
  The State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg Russia. Another page from Saint-Petersburg.com.
  *The Hermitage. Copyright © 2000 Optima Ltd.
  *Winter Palace. Photos from "Wandering Camera."
  *The Winter Palace and Tsar's Ball Page from St. Petersburg: The Imperial City in 1894. Written by Melchoir De Vogue. A Pallasart website.
  The Winter Palace (The Hermitage). A photo from St. Petersburg State Technical University.
  *The Hermitage. Description from The Fresh Guide to St. Petersburg.
  St.Petersburg Museums - Hermitage. and other museumas. Picture and brief text. (Expo '96.)
  The State Hermitage Museum. General information. Collection. History. Tours and Lectures. Hermitage theater. Copyright by the State Hermitage.
  Winter Palace. Night shot. (Expo '96.)

• Palace Square
  *Alexander Column. A page from Saint-Petersburg.com.
  *Palace Square. Brief text from Fresh Guide to St. Petersburg.
  Palace Square. Photo from St. Petersburg State Technical University.
  Palace Square. Night shot. (Expo '96.)

• Palaces of St. Petersburg (General)
  *Palaces of St. Petersburg: Russian Imperial Style. Exhibit in Jackson, Mississippi (1996) of over 600 items from the tsars. (Palace rooms; Galleries; Pictures). Copyright: Lone Star Internet, Inc.
  *Stroganoff Palace. Various Stroganoff homes and their histories. Copyright: The Stroganoff Foundation.
  *Yelagin. Palace of Alexander I. Another one of Bob Atchison's sites.
  Amaizing [sic] St. Petersburg. Architects from the time of Catherine the Great to the war years 1812-1825.
  

• Tsarskoe selo / Catherine Palace
  *Tsarskoye selo. From "Face of Russia" for PBS. © 1998 WETA. All rights reserved. [Lots of nice pictures; take a walk "inside"; and "stroll in the park".
  *Dimitri Likhachev. Sound recording (snippit) from "The Face of Russia." He discusses importance of the park around Catherine's Palace, the relationship of nature and man. [Needs RealPlayer to hear]
  *The State Museum "Tzarskoie Selo". New site from Russia. Includes history, restoration information, notes on the collections, exhibits, cultural and recreational programs, ceremonies. You can search the site too.
  *Tsarskoe Selo. History. Pictures and descriptions of the palace and the park, the town, links to other sites, map. From Bob Atchison.
  *The Great Catherine Palace of Tsarskoe selo. Actually built for another Catherine, but Catherine the Great loved this palace and stayed there often. Tour the palace room by room; learn the history of the place. [One of those great pages brought to you by Bob Atchison!]
  Bolshoy Catherine Palace. © 1999, InfoServices International Inc.
  Pushkin. Copyright © 1998-2001 Sergey Fedorov.
  *Pushkin (Tsarskoye selo). #69 the parks. #70. the surrounding area. #71 from "Wandering Camera."

• Tsarskoe selo / Alexander Palace
  *Alexander Palace Time Machine. Tour the palace of the last Tsar of Russia, Nikolas II, and his family in the town of Tsarskoe Selo outside St. Petersburg. Includes a history of the Romanov family, biographies of those in the palace, photos of the family, and more.
  *The Alexander Palace. Short page by Bob Atchison.
  *Tsarskoe Selo. Published in 1920 by Viltchkovsky. Presented by Bob Atchison.
  *The State Museum "Tzarskoie Selo". New site from Russia. Includes history, restoration information, notes on the collections, exhibits, cultural and recreational programs, ceremonies. You can search the site too.

• Pavlovsk / Paul's Palace
  *Pavlovsk. Enjoy some interior/exterior photos and learn the history of this place. Created by B. Atchison. [Informattive site!]
  *Pavlovsk Park. Pictures and links to the history, park regions, pavilions, sculpture, constructions, flora and fauna. From Tickets of Russia. From "Tickets of Russia."
  Pavlovsk. Copyright © 1998-2001 Sergey Fedorov
  Pavlovsk. Brief description from Fresh Guide to St. Petersburg.
  A Campfire at Pavlovsk. Pine Tree Web Home Page. [One from the Boy Scouts!]

• Engineer's Castle
  Engineer's Castle. A page from the Fresh Guide to St. Petersburg.

• Gatchina
  *Gatchina is Russia and the Whole World. Gatchina, a popular suburb of St. Petersburg, is the former residence of the Russian Emperors. View the unique palace-and-park ensemble. Author Valentina V. Fedorova.
  *Gatchina. Album 130. Also Gatchina Today. From "Wandering Camera."
  *The Gatchina Palace. Visit the rooms and learn of the history of this palace. Brought to you by B. Atchison. [Great graphics!]
  Gatchina. An introduction plus some links to photos (from St. Petersburg State Technical University).
  *Gatchina: Valentina Fiodorovna tells... From Gatchina on line.
  Gatchina. Copyright © 1998-2001 Sergey Fedorov.
  Gatchina. Brief description from Fresh Guide to St. Petersburg.
  

• Bartolomeo Rastrelli
  Bartolomeo Franchesko Rastrelli. Picture and notes from "Tzarskoje Selo" web site. Includes some further information on his work.
  Italian Architect of Russian Baroque. Marking the 300th Birth Anniversary of Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli. Article by M. Fausova. For the "Voice of Russia" page.
  Some of his buildings:
  • Winter Palace. Photo from "basecamp.cnchost.com"
    
  • Smolny Cathedral. From the "Tickets of Russia" site.
    
  • Winter Palace. Notes on Rastrelli's contribution. From the "Face of Russia" site at PBS.
    
  • Rastrelli's Peterhof. From the "Face of Russia" site at PBS.
    
  • Stroganoff Palace. Built by Rastrelli on the corner of Nevsky Prospect and the Moika canal. Picture from Pallasart.
    

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